#Metoo

Women are posting messages on social media to show how commonplace sexual assault and harassment are, using the hashtag #MeToo to express that they, too, have been victims of such misconduct.

The messages bearing witness began appearing frequently on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, when the actress Alyssa Milano posted a screenshot outlining the idea and writing “If you’ve been sexually harassed or assaulted write ‘me too’ as a reply to this tweet.”

It follows further allegations of rape against Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein.

More than two dozen women - among them actresses Angelina Jolie, Gwyneth Paltrow and Rose McGowan - have made accusations against him including rape and sexual assault. Weinstein insists sexual relations he had were consensual.

Although the #MeToo hashtag is trending worldwide - including in the UK, US, India and Pakistan - other hashtags are also being generated.

In France, Twitter users are using #balancetonporc or "rat on your dirty old man" to encourage women to name and shame their attackers, while #Womenwhoroar is another term being used to encourage victims of bullying or sexual abuse to speak

The #MeToo movement is not the first to use social media to highlight abuse against women. In 2014, a #YesAllWomen campaign drew notice on social media after a man cited his hatred of women as his reason for killing people in Southern California. The activist Laura Bates started the #EverydaySexism campaign in 2012 to document widespread sexism, harassment and assault.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/20/women-worldwide-use-hashtag-metoo-against-sexual-harassment

Roman camp

A camp of stage of eight legions (for 48 000 men, understood muleteers) has a rectangular shape of 655 on 610 meters aside approximately, is a 40 hectare surface. A camp of wintering or permanent would twice more be big.

For tactical reasons, the place is rather chosen in height. But the essential criteria are: the safe and easy access (because the camp is established at the end of the day, thus the troops are tired); the presence of a water source; sufficient meadows for the feed of horses and used beasts of burden; the most close possible ground, with enough slope for the drainage: neither rocks, nor roots. It's better to be near a wood to build the camp. But we know it where everything is stone dry.

The plan is always the same, what allows a very fast construction. The tribune and the centurions in charge of the establishment of the camp measure the ground and fix the location of the prætorium (the tent of the general), squared by 60 meters aside. The white flag crashed in this place serves as mark all around of which gets organized all the camp: ways, tents, forum and surrounding wall.  Behind the surrounding wall, a release of about sixty meters is left free to allow movements of the units, and put the first rows of tents shielded from the opposite jets.

Two main ways, the via principalis and the decumanus, get away themselves with right angle in front of the prætorium. However the number of legions the camp shelters is higher, one via parallel quintana in this via principalis is also drawn.

Crack troops camp on all sides of the prætorium, formed by foot soldiers and by riders who live in long rectangular camps divided into ten barracks, welcoming eight soldiers each. A whole century lives in a camp, established by a succession of copies-rooms. The first one is used as cloakroom to the soldiers to store their weapons and other cumbersome personal effects. The second is the barracks itself, with a fireplace and bedsteads stacked to sleep eight men of the contubernium, placed under the supervision of a leader of barracks. Every barrack consists of a room preceded by an anteroom on the ground of hard-packed surface.

Valetudinaria is medical zones incorporated into the camp from the professionalization of the armies of Auguste at least, and are the military versions of aesculapia.

   

1. Praetorium

2. Via praetoria 

3. Via principalis 

4. Porta principalis ( dexter, right ) 

5. Porta decumana 

6. Porta principalis ( senestra, left ) 

7. Porta praetoria

Domus, Part 1

The term domus is very old : it goes back to an Indo-European etymology *( dom-) which indicated the family on two generations, and fires his its origin of the root dem-, to build. The domus is thus the Roman family house, the head of the family of which bears the name of dominus. Its archaic shape is known by funerary urns found in the necropolises of the old Forum Romain which had the shape of a hut rounded off in only room. The thorough vestiges of huts found on the Palatine Hill and dated the 8th century BC confirm this very modest plan. The Etruscan influence at the end of the period of the Roman monarchy sees being born the domus with a square structure, and several rooms. However the house remains rustic, as shown by the name of the house by the word hortus (garden of plants in Latin) used in the Law of Twelve Tables and translating the still narrow link between the house and its closed garden. 

According to Roman tradition, the Law of the Twelve Tables was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. The Tables consolidated earlier traditions into an enduring set of laws.

The roman way, Part. 1

To -400, Romain used runways to move of Rome towards the surrounding cities.  The raid of the  Gauls of Brennus, which will turn out disastrous for Romain in -390, will so be the first revelation of the ineffectiveness of the defensive system of Rome, owed mainly to the slowness of progress of the troops on the paths of the period. The necessity of a better defense allied to a will of expansion and hegemony on Italy leads a Roman Republic still fragile and threatened from the outside to set up a network of robust stone and relay roads, better adapted to its needs. These axes allowed a faster and easier circulation for the storekeepers), but also the quick transfers of the troops.

The first way was built in -312 by Appius Claudius Caecus to connect Rome to Capua : the  Via Appia, the Appian way. At the end of the Roman Republic, the whole territory of the Italian peninsula was provided with these main trunk roads, every road bearing the name of the consul which had created it. These ways were paved only exceptionally: inside cities and in their neighborhoods ( excepted the  Appia way, who was gradually paved on all her route. Somewhere else sands and aggregates were taken in open quarries nearby. It seems that of the ground  was able to cover pavements to limit the discomfort. Somewhere else, these roads were made by sand or  by gravels, all this in a hole and covered with a stony paving stone.

Writing test

Consumerism is now a part of our lives. If we look carefully, we can see that everything needs to be bougth : food, water, first necessities ; but also animaals, plants and some rocks which are considered "precious".

We have all fallen into consumerism, but, what does mean consumerism ?

Consumerism is the purpose of making the people buy products for their benefities. But, to buy those products, people have to have the sense of need. That is why the adverstising is generally used : to convince to buy.

The economic interest mater all the world forget the consequences of consumerism ; the pollution of our planet, and its destruction.

This is why I agree with this idea, to create the Buy Nothing Day. We don't know yet, but all what we do will have consequences in the future, and if we continue to support the economic market ( I mean, in the extreme ) which I sinceraly think doesn't care about ecology and saving the planet, because they would lose money, and prefer having benefits than helping someone who needs their help.

The act of buying something is not something wrong, but, like all things in the world, the extrems are bad. Buying is not bad, buy anything for anything reason without thinking where the product has been done, without interest if it respects the environment or not, and without knowing if it is really important to you, it is.

Comment quote of Obama speech

Good evening, Lourdes.

I chose this quote ( a bit too long, but I liked and it is why I use it) :

"But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world, and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities."

I think this quote is very interesting, and especially real. No matter what the others do for you, if you don't want, if you don't have determination, all those efforts would be useless. Sincerely, I believe we don't know the chance to have all these opportunities and I don't understand yet why some pupils and students ignore it, because they don't know the importance of studying, they are bored by something that they would have to be tankful, because in the past, some people fought for these rigths. But however students let behind the studies so precious and important for them, for their future.
But, in fact, not all of us can, or want to do studies, but perhaps they would want to go in another way. You are not forced to do studies to have success, you can do practice lessons for doing what you want to for example. Studies are not always necessary, but we don't know what will be made the future, and maybe these studies would help you, when, more young, you though they were useless and boring.
So that is my conclusion : do what you want to do, in the condition it allows you to have a future. Study what you want to study, because we are free to have preferences and have a job we like, because there is nothing worse than having a work you hate : you would not feel good and anyone would be. For that, for having a work you like, for having a future, for living correctly for you and your family, don't wait more, and take the chance : study ! 

Cheers,

Marylou.

Final reflection 1BAT

1.  Can you see an improvement on your level of English in the past year/s?  Where, for example?

Actually I think that my level in english improved on the final of 4t ESO. And I think ( and I hope ) that I have improved again, and continue to improve.

2. Which activity best shows your level of English?

Blog yoursays, watching films / videos, class songs, kahoot and composition writing in class.

3. Which activities were really USEFUL for you to improve your English? Why?

Duolingo is a tool very great, I liked to use it, because you can learn very well the vocabulary, the syntaxe...

Oral exams helped me too to improve, because it is the purpose of a language to be spoken, and for me, speak well ( without so much accent for example ) is very important.

The grammar book was good because doing the exercices you learn unconsciously and it really serves.

On the blog, I liked so much the yoursays, because you can talk about what you want, what you like ; and when you talk about what you like you will be more interested to run throught it.

4. Which activities did you NOT find useful to learn English? Why not?

I didn't like so much the vocabulary extension dossier because sometimes the explanations on it were'nt very clear, and this annoyed me a little bit.

On the blog, I didn't like the news, because I wasn't very inspired and interested about this.

5. Which activities would like to do again next year to keep on improving your English?

I would like to do the grammar book, do compositions writing in class, the yoursays, reading the books, the oral exams and watching films and videos.

6. Open Comments (...More ideas, suggestions for activities, suggestion for new topics...)

I think it would be interesting to do some task about the dreams, the subconscious and the psychology, because it is a topic complex and it is funny to see what people think of it.